Stem+Cells

Seth Here. My topic in the exhibition are stem cells. Stem cells are microscopic cells that have the potential to develop into any cell in the human body. They can also duplicate endlessly.

Human health is people being free from a disease or sickness. A healthy human should be active and would have good skin tone and health. Meanwhile, a sick person wouldn’t be. Stem cells can help you stay healthy by curing a disease, a wound and can regenerate many body parts. I think stem cells have very good effects but many people think differently.

1) What is the history of stem cell research?
 * mid 1800s - discovered that some cells can develop into others
 * early 1900s - how certain cells develop into blood cells
 * 1973 - first human, unrelated bone marrow transplant (it took 7 transplants to be successful) Joseph E. Murray, E. Donall Thomas
 * 1998 - James Thomson (scientist on regeneration and cells) found, during research, that there are stem cells in embryos (researching stem cells)
 * 3 Stem cell types: Totipotent, pluripotent, mutipotent

 Totipotent: Early embryos (only)  Pluripotent: Inner mass of blastocyst (blastocyst: a thing in the embryo that makes it grow)  Multipotent: Umbilical cord blood, adult stem cells, fetal tissue
 *  Mayoclinic Scientists are using a new technique: Nuclear reprogramming - changes adult cells into adult stem cells [[image:cells.jpg caption="Stem Cells forming"]]

2) How do stem cells have the potential to cure so much?
 * embryonic stem cells transform into replicas of damaged tissue (when proper conditions occur in body or lab, they develop into any cell)
 * embryonic stem cells have the ability to turn into any body tissue (stem cells haven’t formed yet so they can develop into any cell)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">doctors observe stem cells to learn about diseases and how they develop
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">healthy cells replace cells where a sickness effects the body (affects what?)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">use stem cells to test drugs (to see if it makes stem cells stronger or weaker)[[image:Stem-cell2.jpg width="107" height="124" caption="Stem Cell Research"]]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3) What is the process of using stem cells to cure deaf/blindness?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in a body/lab, embryonic stem cells can transform into any missing cell
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in a lab or your body, embryonic cells can transform into healthy eye cells and replace the cells on the back of the retina
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">scientists make stem cells turn into auditory neurons and are place them in the ear to restore hearing
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">lead researcher, Marcelo Rivolta said it would take a few years until it (deafness cure) will work on humans
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fewer cells are involved in the ear or eye, so it’s easier to cure diseases there than in other body parts

==== // <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Bibliography // ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Granovsky, David. //Super Stemmys Doris and the Super Cells//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Illus. Boonie. Ed. Coleen O'Donnell and //====

====<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; white-space: normal;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Johnson, Rebecca. // ==== ====<span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Ultra Organized Cell Systems//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Minneapolis: Millbrook Press, 2008. Print. // ====

====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> //Rachelle Burk. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.// ====

====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> //Mueller, Jessica. Personal interview. 9 May 2011.// ====

====<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Ramadhan, Ausia. "Stem Cell Facts for Kids." // ====

====www.Ehow.com//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., 1 Apr. 2011. Web. 2 Apr. 2011. //====

====Stem Cells//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2011. <file: ///Volumes/STUDENTS/5th%20Grade/Seth%20Morrison/====

====// Stem Cell Research //<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2011. <http://topnews.ae/images/Stem-cell.jpg>. ==== ====//Stem Cells//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2011. <file: ///Volumes/STUDENTS/5th%20Grade/Seth%20Morrison///====

====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Templeton, Sarah, ed. "Blind to be Cured with Stem Cells." //www.timesonline.co.uk//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., 19 Apr. 2009. Web. 1 Apr. 2011. <http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/health/ ====

====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Witt, Margret, ed. //My Diabetes Cure//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 May 2011. <http://www.mydiabetescure.com/ ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Stem_cell_research_supported_by_those_with_diabetes_other_illnesses.html>. ====


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: normal;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">__//**INTERVIEW**//__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Who could Stem Cells help?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">anyone with tissue or organ damage, such as a spinal cord indury ordiabetes or heart desease. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">if you can do projects on stem cells then that spreads awareness <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">there are many posibilitys to what stem cells will eventually be able to cure <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1961 and it was on a mouse embryonic carcinoma (cancer mass) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">research from 1961 was in Toronto, Canada <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Many people can’t except destroying embryos and many people may not know about the potential of adult stem cells. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It all depends on the environment, including growth factors and interleukins, affecting signal transduction, guiding DNA and protein synthesis. Every time a molecule make contact with a cell it changes, and because of that it is hard to keep them as pluripotent stem cells. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nothing for sure yet but there are many trials ongoing. It may take another 10+ years before this may happen. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Not very often it’s mostly when you need them that they start dividing. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They will probably always be more limited, but they could be just as helpful. > > > > > > >
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**What can we do to spread awareness?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**What do you think the future holds for stem cell?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**When was the earliest known stem cell identification? What was it?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Where were stem cells discovered?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Why doesn’t the world support this?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**How do stem cells morph?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**How are stem cells formed?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Can stem cells cure blindness yet? Deafness?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**How often do stem cells form?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Do you think adult stem cells will have the same potential as embryonic stem cells?**

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